Climate Influences on Grapevine Phenology, Grape Composition, and Wine Production and Quality for Bordeaux, France

A long-term (1952-1997) climatology was developed using reference vineyard observations in Bordeaux, France. The procedure partitioned the season into growth intervals from one phenological event to the next (budburst, floraison, veraison, and harvest) in which climatic influences were summed and assessed. The data were then used to investigate the relationships between climate and phenology, berry composition at harvest, total production, and...