Impact of pedestrianization and traffic calming on retailing A review of the evidence from Germany and the UK

Germany has implemented many ambitious pedestrianization and traffic- calming schemes over the last 20 years, and has carried out quite large-scale research studies on their effect on retailing. The schemes implemented in the UK and the research carried out on them have been more modest. However, they broadly show the same picture. There is generally a positive effect on retailing, with shops inside pedestrian areas being more successful than...